What term describes the behavior that societies expect of their members in particular situations?

• A. Values
• B. Norms
• C. Roles
• D. Customs

Answer: (B)

Norms are the expected patterns of behavior in specific situations that a society or group considers appropriate. They tell members how to act in everyday contexts, such as queuing politely, greeting others, or dressing suitably for an occasion. Norms can be formal, like rules in a school, or informal, like the social pressure to avoid interrupting others. Values are broader beliefs about what is good or desirable, and while they underlie norms, they aren’t themselves the explicit rules guiding action. Roles refer to the duties and expectations tied to a social position (for example, a teacher should explain concepts, a student should listen). Customs are traditional practices that a culture repeats, such as celebrating certain gatherings or rituals. The behavior societies expect in particular situations is captured best by norms.