Social control imposed by a person or organization who has the authority to implement rules or laws.

• A. Norms
• B. Culture
• C. Ethnicity
• D. Formal Social Control

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is how formal social control operates through official authorities who can create and enforce rules or laws. This involves institutions like the police, courts, and government, using formal sanctions such as fines or imprisonment to ensure compliance. Norms are informal expectations enforced by social pressure, culture is the broader set of beliefs and practices a society shares, and ethnicity is a social category. Because the description specifies enforcement by an authority with the power to implement rules or laws, the best fit is formal social control.